License FAQs. How-To Update TubeBuddy on Chrome to the Newest Version. How should I setup my TubeBuddy account if I have multiple Google accounts for multiple channels? How do I uninstall / revoke channel permissions / remove a channel from TubeBuddy? See all 19 articles.Starting a YouTube channel can be an exciting and rewarding experience. Generating your first 100 YouTube subscribers can seem like a challenge, but it can be achieved with the right strategy. To begin, focus on creating content that is high-quality and valuable to your target audience. Share your videos on social media and other platforms ...Bundle Pricing. For brands looking to grow their channels with UNLIMITED TubeBuddy tools. Rank faster on YouTube, save time and money, get expedited customer service, and more. All features in Pro and Legend, PLUS. For brands with 3+ channels. White glove onboarding with custom plans. 1:1 training sessions.TubeBuddy’s Automated Best Practice Audit ensures you are following Youtube’s best practices so you maximize your reach. Repeat Yourself When you find yourself writing the same response over and over or want to personalize your message, TubeBuddy’s Canned Responses will save you time so you can stay focused on growing your channel.What's included with my license? 5 months ago. Updated. Our Pro and Legend license tiers include different points of access to our vast selection of tools. Our Pricing Page and Tools Page show which features are included with each license. Our YouTube channel is also a great resource for tutorials. Here are some videos to check out:The TubeBuddy SEO Studio is a tool provided by TubeBuddy, a popular YouTube channel management and optimization platform. It's designed to help YouTubers optimize their videos and channels for search engine optimization (SEO), in order to increase their visibility and audience on the platform.TubeBuddy’s Automated Best Practice Audit ensures you are following Youtube’s best practices so you maximize your reach. Repeat Yourself When you find yourself writing the same response over and over or want to personalize your message, TubeBuddy’s Canned Responses will save you time so you can stay focused on growing your channel.TubeBuddy is a browser extension that adds a layer of amazing functionality right on top of YouTube's website. We believe that everyone can achieve their YouTube dreams with the right tools We ...Pro Plan. The Pro Plan costs $9/month, but you can save 50% if you have less than 1,000 subscribers. If you choose to pay yearly, it comes down 20% further, so $7.20/month or $3.60/month if you have less than 1,000 subscribers. The TubeBuddy Pro Plan is for all creators that want to take YouTube seriously.* TubeBuddy Pro: Gain limited access to most Productivity and Video Optimization Tools. * TubeBuddy Legend: Unleash your channel’s full potential with access to all of our game-changing tools. * TubeBuddy Enterprise: Designed for brands and multi channel creators giving you dedicated support, coaching, and exclusive access to our top tools.* TubeBuddy Pro: Gain limited access to most Productivity and Video Optimization Tools. * TubeBuddy Legend: Unleash your channel’s full potential with access to all of our game-changing tools. * TubeBuddy Enterprise: Designed for brands and multi channel creators giving you dedicated support, coaching, and exclusive access to our top tools.How to Install TubeBuddy on Your Desktop Browser To install TubeBuddy, click on this link:... Everything you need to know to get set up using TubeBuddy! Everything you need to know to get set up using TubeBuddy! Writing an attention-grabbing title is a skill that takes years to develop. Our AI YouTube title generator is a shortcut. TubeBuddy Title Generator writes persuasive copy that’s optimized for search with just a few clicks. Just tell it what your video is about and you’ll get a bunch of awesome AI-generated YouTube title ideas. vidIQ has a free version and our AI tools are actually available to some extent on the free version. For example, AI Coach. It is our newest tool that uses GPT-3 to answer questions about YouTube. You can ask our coach anything about the creative journey, such as how often to post, what information should go in specific videos, and the best ...TubeBuddy is an AI-driven YouTube SEO solution, among other things. TubeBuddy SEO Studio includes a Keyword Explorer feature. TubeBuddy’s Keyword Explorer simplifies the process of finding and targeting the right keywords for success on YouTube. This tool helps you discover high-traffic keywords relevant to your niche. That …Oct 1, 2023 · 「TubeBuddyとは？」「TubeBuddyって何がいいの？ それって日本語で使えるの？」「YouTube動画の再生回数とチャンネル登録者数を早く増やす方法を知りたい」この記事はこのような悩みや疑問を持っている方にオススメです。 Pro and Legend Creator License Packages are not available to Businesses, and is subject to TubeBuddy’s discretion, determined as having one or more of the following criteria: Multiple YouTube channels on TubeBuddy; 50k or more YouTube Subscribers; 3 or more Channel Managers; 50 or more employees. 501 (c) (3) Non-profits qualify for a Special ...TubeBuddy is a browser extension that adds a layer of amazing functionality right on top of YouTube's website. We believe that everyone can achieve their YouTube dreams with the right tools We ...Master YouTube’s New ‘For You’ Feature. TubeBuddy. December 13, 2023. YouTube creators, there’s something new on the block! YouTube’s ‘For You’ feature is the latest customization that’s shaking up the way viewers interact with channels. If you’re looking to boost your channel’s visibility and increase views and subscribers ...TubeBuddy is a browser extension that adds a layer of amazing functionality right on top of YouTube's website. We believe that everyone can achieve their YouTube dreams with the right tools We ...The TubeBuddy community can help you get answers to your questions and connect with like-minded individuals who share your passion for content creation. TubeBuddy Forum. TubeBuddy Discord. 3. Harness the Power of Suggested Shorts. To grow rapidly on YouTube, consider becoming a “hybrid creator.”.Let TubeBuddy give you the answer with simplified A/B Testing. Test thumbnail variations to increase your CTR Run A/B Tests to improve video performance. Analyze channel progress with reporting. Loved by More than 3,000,000 YouTube Creators and Brands. INSTALL FREE NOW. See ...1. Free. The TubeBuddy Free pricing plan gives you access to some of the basic tools for productivity, data and research, and video optimization. All promotional features are available. You can also use some templates, but the number is very much limited, while you cannot process videos and edits by batch. Everything you need to know to get set up using TubeBuddy! Step 1: Open the TubeBuddy dashboard, open the "Website tools" tab, and click on "Search Rank Tracking." Step 2: Click on "Add keywords to track" to put on the keywords you want to track. Step 3: Go to the Ranking Reports tab to generate a ranking report for your target keywords. * TubeBuddy Pro: Gain limited access to most Productivity and Video Optimization Tools. * TubeBuddy Legend: Unleash your channel’s full potential with access to all of our game-changing tools. * TubeBuddy Enterprise: Designed for brands and multi channel creators giving you dedicated support, coaching, and exclusive access to our top tools. Step 1: Open the TubeBuddy dashboard, open the "Website tools" tab, and click on "Search Rank Tracking." Step 2: Click on "Add keywords to track" to put on the keywords you want to track. Step 3: Go to the Ranking Reports tab to generate a ranking report for your target keywords. vidIQ has a free version and our AI tools are actually available to some extent on the free version. For example, AI Coach. It is our newest tool that uses GPT-3 to answer questions about YouTube. You can ask our coach anything about the creative journey, such as how often to post, what information should go in specific videos, and the best ... Pro and Legend Creator License Packages are not available to Businesses, and is subject to TubeBuddy’s discretion, determined as having one or more of the following criteria: Multiple YouTube channels on TubeBuddy; 50k or more YouTube Subscribers; 3 or more Channel Managers; 50 or more employees. 501 (c) (3) Non-profits qualify for a Special ... For a limited time, we’re slicing 50% off any annual license, making your channel growth easier and more affordable than ever. Active TubeBuddy users see a massive 79% more views and boast 32% more subscribers. That’s right! And those who commit to a year with us don’t just reach their goals; they soar past them. 50% off annual licenses! TubeBuddy. Getting Started With TubeBuddy Everything you need to know to get set up using TubeBuddy! Account Management Billing, how to cancel, how to access …Upload your own custom fonts to ensure thumbnails created in TubeBuddy match your existing content; Upload your logo and other brand images to reuse across videos. Click …TubeBuddy Bulk YouTube Editing Tools are the best way to approach this task but there’s another, free option. Rather than switching back-and-forth from the video details page to the YouTube Studio in a mind-numbingly tedious cycle, the TubeBuddy Quick-Edit Toolbar saves you several clicks per video.6.5X more expensive than TubeBuddy; Verdict: Compared to other tools, TubeBuddy offers a cost-effective solution for YouTube keyword research. While Keyword Everywhere charges for each credit used, TubeBuddy’s Pro plan starts at just $5.99/month (billed monthly) or $4.80/month (billed annually) and provides unlimited keyword …Let TubeBuddy give you the answer with simplified A/B Testing. Test thumbnail variations to increase your CTR Run A/B Tests to improve video performance. Analyze channel progress with reporting. Loved by More than 3,000,000 YouTube Creators and Brands. INSTALL FREE NOW. See ...294K subscribers. Subscribed. 2.6K. 83K views 2 years ago #tubebuddy #youtube #meticsmedia. Start Here https://meticsmedia.com/tubebuddy In this …Learn from the experts on out weekly podcast: TubeBuddy Express Discord Server Join our community where we host weekly live streams and highlight important TubeBuddy tools Milestones Celebrate your channel growth with milestone achievements Forums Celebrate your channel growth with milestone achievements download extension FREE …Along with a completely free plan with limited features, TubeBuddy offers four pricing plans: Pro, Star, Legend, and Enterprise. Pro: The Pro plan, which costs $2.80/month, includes essential features such as video optimization, tagging, keyword research, and channel analytics. The Pro plan costs $9.20/month and has more advanced features such as …Starting a YouTube channel can be an exciting and rewarding experience. Generating your first 100 YouTube subscribers can seem like a challenge, but it can be achieved with the right strategy. To begin, focus on creating content that is high-quality and valuable to your target audience. Share your videos on social media and other platforms ...Step 1: In your YouTube Studio dashboard, open the "Bulk & Misc Tools" tab and click "Find & Replace Text." Step 2: Select the editing action. Input the text to find and add the text you want to replace it with. Step 3: Select all videos, a playlist, or search for and manually select specific videos. Step 4: Select the videos, preview the ...TubeBuddy is all about helping YouTube creators get better results on YouTube. Many of the tools in TubeBuddy are focused on growing your channel because the data proves it: active TubeBuddy users get better results. As channels use TubeBuddy and see results, things like keyword research, optimizing YouTube video titles and …Recently, TubeBuddy released Suggested Shorts, a vertical video product that provides intelligent recommendations for converting high-engagement long-form video moments into short-form video content. Creators and brands alike use BENlabs’ AI-driven tools combined with a user-friendly interface to drive traffic and revenue to their channels … After installing TubeBuddy to your browser, you will find TubeBuddy integrated throughout YouTube Main menu on YouTube.com - this is where you will find Keyword Explorer, shortcuts to your Account Page with our ‘website tools,’ Milestones, and more. TubeBuddy offers a browser extension for use in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. vidIQ provides an extension for Chrome and Firefox. Pricing. Overall, TubeBuddy’s pricing is more cost-effective than vidIQ’s as it starts at just $3.20 per month for an annual subscription, compared with a minimum of $7.50 per month, with no annual payment …This is a TubeBuddy Specialty. Using the TubeBuddy Tag Explorer is easier than it looks. Take your tags and explore each one individually. The rewards are worth it. I recommend using only tags that are above 70 in scoring. Anything less is useless as there is too much competition for that tag and if your a smaller YouTuber it will not help.how to search keyword ideas on YouTube. Step 1: Do a search in the YouTube search bar. Step 2: Open the keyword analysis by clicking on the arrow on the right side of the search results. Step 3: See the keyword's score, search volume, and competition. Step 4: Open the 'Keyword Stats' tab to find a detailed breakdown of the channels and videos ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.No contracts, cancel any time. *Pro and Legend are Creator License Packages available to Individual Creators only. Pro and Legend Creator License Packages are not available to Businesses, and is subject to TubeBuddy’s discretion, determined as having one or more of the following criteria: Multiple YouTube channels on TubeBuddy; 50k or more …TubeBuddy’s Livestream Time recommendations analyze two-hour intervals to identify when your audience is most engaged. In the example below, 6AM is the clear winner for live streaming. So we can assume that this channel either deals in “rise and grind” content or its primary viewership is in a different time zone. The Best Time to Publish tool …TubeBuddy and VidIQ dominate the YouTube channel management app market with very little competition. It’s very much an oligopoly, but a couple of alternatives exist. Social Blade is a public database showcasing user statistics for various social media sites, including YouTube, Twitch, Twitter, and more.TubeBuddy offers a browser extension for use in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. vidIQ provides an extension for Chrome and Firefox. Pricing. Overall, TubeBuddy’s pricing is more cost-effective than vidIQ’s as it starts at just $3.20 per month for an annual subscription, compared with a minimum of $7.50 per month, with no annual payment …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.* TubeBuddy Pro: Gain limited access to most Productivity and Video Optimization Tools. * TubeBuddy Legend: Unleash your channel’s full potential with access to all of our game-changing tools. * TubeBuddy Enterprise: Designed for brands and multi channel creators giving you dedicated support, coaching, and exclusive access to our top tools. Enter Element Inspector, your personalized thumbnail advisor. Look at a detailed breakdown of each aspect of your thumbnail, from the emotion displayed in any faces shown, to the words used in overlays. Understand what styles and features resonate most with viewers so you can craft thumbnails that are click-worthy and keep viewers watching. Aug 24, 2023 · TubeBuddy is an AI-driven YouTube SEO solution, among other things. TubeBuddy SEO Studio includes a Keyword Explorer feature. TubeBuddy’s Keyword Explorer simplifies the process of finding and targeting the right keywords for success on YouTube. This tool helps you discover high-traffic keywords relevant to your niche. TubeBuddyをインストールすると、視聴している動画の横に、その動画の情報が表示されるようになります。. （自分の動画だけでなく他の人の動画も）. 上の画像内に表示されている「TAGS」内では. その動画に設定されているタグの閲覧・コピーができます ... No contracts, cancel any time. *Pro and Legend are Creator License Packages available to Individual Creators only. Pro and Legend Creator License Packages are not available to Businesses, and is subject to TubeBuddy’s discretion, determined as having one or more of the following criteria: Multiple YouTube channels on TubeBuddy; 50k or more …If you want the how, TubeBuddy is a YouTube video and creator workflow optimization software as a service. TubeBuddy offers a suite of YouTube AI, SEO, bulk processing, …TubeBuddy has three pricing plans available: Pro, Legend, and Enterprise. The tool is affordable for users of all levels, starting at just $4/month. And, if you choose the yearly plan, the cost drops even more to just $3.20/month, making it an extremely cost-effective choice compared to other alternatives.Whether you want to share your passions, use it as a platform to start a business, or simply have fun creating content, YouTube is an exceptional way to reach a large audience. Our step-by-step guide to making a YouTube channel in 2023 goes into more detail, but here’s a quick read to getting your brand new YouTube channel up and … We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. TubeBuddy offers a browser extension for use in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. vidIQ provides an extension for Chrome and Firefox. Pricing. Overall, TubeBuddy’s pricing is more cost-effective than vidIQ’s as it starts at just $3.20 per month for an annual subscription, compared with a minimum of $7.50 per month, with no annual payment …TubeBuddy serves as an indispensable YouTube channel management tool, offering comprehensive analysis, growth insights, and workflow optimization for your channel. One of its standout features is the built-in Keyword tool, aiding in the discovery of optimal search terms to bolster your video rankings on search result pages. TubeBuddyをインストールすると、視聴している動画の横に、その動画の情報が表示されるようになります。. （自分の動画だけでなく他の人の動画も）. 上の画像内に表示されている「TAGS」内では. その動画に設定されているタグの閲覧・コピーができます ... In this media kit, you’ll find the essential resources for accurately representing the TubeBuddy brand. Explore our brand colors, logo variations, and guidelines to ensure consistency and authenticity in your TubeBuddy-related content. We appreciate your commitment to upholding our brand identity. download media kit.TubeBuddy is a browser extension that adds a layer of amazing functionality right on top of YouTube's website. We believe that everyone can achieve their YouTube dreams with the right tools We ...Apr 27, 2023 · Overall, TubeBuddy’s pricing is more cost-effective than vidIQ’s as it starts at just $3.20 per month for an annual subscription, compared with a minimum of $7.50 per month, with no annual payment option, for vidIQ. Additionally, TubeBuddy gives creators with fewer than 1,000 subscribers a 50% discount code. To install TubeBuddy, click on this link: https://tubebuddy.com/install. It will take you to the install page based on your browser extension. If you are unable to go to the extension … Install TubeBuddy Now! Free Features Everything below is 100% FREE! It's all FREE! The following list of features are free for everyone that installs TubeBuddy. Within the TubeBuddy Browser Extension is a free tool called Videolytics. This feature shows additional data that doesn’t display publicly on YouTube videos. Like the tags that are helping a YouTube short get discovered. Now I know everybody has different opinions about tags on YouTube, ...Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots, and learn more about TubeBuddy. Download TubeBuddy and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. …Tip #2 Organic Sharing with Live Streaming. Live streaming became an effective lead magnet for Rob’s channel. People watch the live stream then, eventually discover the other videos on his channel. Most notably, interviewing guests in the live stream is an easy way to draw in new eyeballs to the channel. Collaborations benefit …Jan 9, 2024 · The TubeBuddy community can help you get answers to your questions and connect with like-minded individuals who share your passion for content creation. TubeBuddy Forum. TubeBuddy Discord. 3. Harness the Power of Suggested Shorts. To grow rapidly on YouTube, consider becoming a “hybrid creator.”. What's included with my license? 5 months ago. Updated. Our Pro and Legend license tiers include different points of access to our vast selection of tools. Our Pricing Page and Tools Page show which features are included with each license. Our YouTube channel is also a great resource for tutorials. Here are some videos to check out:With turn key actionable insights and our proprietary Channel Reviews system, boosting metrics is a breeze. Get competitor metrics, learn their secrets, and dominate your space. *Quarterly Channel Strategy Sessions included with your TubeBuddy Coaching license, an $8K value! learn more.YouTube Channel Grower. Youtube Thumbnail Finder. YouTube Features — Analytics and Tools. tuBee. TimeTags for YouTube. Youtube subscriptions. TikTok AI …Brainstorm with our AI to get the perfect title for your videos. Use our AI to easily optimize your titles and descriptions for maximum visibility and engagement. You worked hard creating content that people want to watch. Now let’s get them to see it! generate titles.2000. Oct 23, 2022. #2. Rajesh V said: I have tried multiple times for payment, from India however it always failed. What is the solution to it. However one can easily buy the mobile version from India. As per the Latest RBI guidelines, recurring payments are probably still an issue when it comes to payment, however, for the content creators in ...TubeBuddy is a reliable tool that helps YouTubers improve their content’s visibility. With its keyword explorer feature, creators can easily find long-tail search terms and trending tags, which can boost their video rankings. Also, TubeBuddy’s bulk actions feature allows creators to save time by performing repetitive tasks in batches.Aug 24, 2023 · TubeBuddy is an AI-driven YouTube SEO solution, among other things. TubeBuddy SEO Studio includes a Keyword Explorer feature. TubeBuddy’s Keyword Explorer simplifies the process of finding and targeting the right keywords for success on YouTube. This tool helps you discover high-traffic keywords relevant to your niche. TubeBuddy is the best YouTube Optimization Tool in the world. Download our browser extension and learn about our pricing and top features on this pageTubeBuddy YouTube Video Scheduling isn’t just for new videos. You can schedule updates using the tools too. Schedule thumbnail and metadata updates (description, title, tags) at the time of upload so your videos always look fresh. You can also schedule YouTube videos to unpublish or unlist on a specific date and time. schedule videos to maximize YouTube … 79%de vues en plus. TubeBuddy a été conçu pour vous aider à faire grandir votre chaine en vous faisant gagner des vues. Les utilisateurs actifs de TubeBuddy ont vu une augmentation moyenne de 79% de leurs vues par rapport à leurs débuts. At its most basic, a content calendar is a running list or ideas and topics for your YouTube videos. You can create a content calendar with pen and paper, in a spreadsheet, a to-do list, or using any number of online or offline task management tools. With TubeBuddy Video Topic Planner, you can research keyword opportunities, do …License FAQs. How-To Update TubeBuddy on Chrome to the Newest Version. How should I setup my TubeBuddy account if I have multiple Google accounts for multiple channels? How do I uninstall / revoke channel permissions / remove a channel from TubeBuddy? See all 19 articles.Oct 1, 2023 · 「TubeBuddyとは？」「TubeBuddyって何がいいの？ それって日本語で使えるの？」「YouTube動画の再生回数とチャンネル登録者数を早く増やす方法を知りたい」この記事はこのような悩みや疑問を持っている方にオススメです。
TubeBuddy users report the software to be super easy to use. Some even claim that without this resource they wouldn’t have access to the vital data they need to optimize their videos and channel. Disadvantages to Using TubeBuddy . Unfortunately, TubeBuddy only works for one YouTube channel.. Nyc to del
At its most basic, a content calendar is a running list or ideas and topics for your YouTube videos. You can create a content calendar with pen and paper, in a spreadsheet, a to-do list, or using any number of online or offline task management tools. With TubeBuddy Video Topic Planner, you can research keyword opportunities, do …TubeBuddy is all about helping YouTube creators get better results on YouTube. Many of the tools in TubeBuddy are focused on growing your channel because the data proves it: active TubeBuddy users get better results. As channels use TubeBuddy and see results, things like keyword research, optimizing YouTube video titles and …TubeBuddy provides over 70 tools for creators to manage, optimize, and promote their YouTube videos. Title Generator can be incorporated into your workflow by: Generating a list of title ideas; Using Keyword Explorer to help you decide which title to use; A/B Testing to track the results of your variation; Creating content that people want to …Learn How to Install TubeBuddy for FREE! You can Install TubeBuddy on Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and Opera! You can Install TubeBuddy Mo... Step 1: Open the TubeBuddy dashboard, open the "Website tools" tab, and click on "Search Rank Tracking." Step 2: Click on "Add keywords to track" to put on the keywords you want to track. Step 3: Go to the Ranking Reports tab to generate a ranking report for your target keywords. TubeBuddy users report the software to be super easy to use. Some even claim that without this resource they wouldn’t have access to the vital data they need to optimize their videos and channel. Disadvantages to Using TubeBuddy . Unfortunately, TubeBuddy only works for one YouTube channel. After installing TubeBuddy to your browser, you will find TubeBuddy integrated throughout YouTube Main menu on YouTube.com - this is where you will find Keyword Explorer, shortcuts to your Account Page with our ‘website tools,’ Milestones, and more. Whether you want to share your passions, use it as a platform to start a business, or simply have fun creating content, YouTube is an exceptional way to reach a large audience. Our step-by-step guide to making a YouTube channel in 2023 goes into more detail, but here’s a quick read to getting your brand new YouTube channel up and …TubeBuddy's NEW A/B Test capabilities are the most advanced on the market, and we want everyone to try them. We’re offering access to the NEW A/B testing tools, normally exclusive to Legend licenses, FREE for 7 days! Start …To install TubeBuddy, click on this link: https://tubebuddy.com/install. It will take you to the install page based on your browser extension. If you are unable to go to the extension …Apr 20, 2023 · 6.5X more expensive than TubeBuddy; Verdict: Compared to other tools, TubeBuddy offers a cost-effective solution for YouTube keyword research. While Keyword Everywhere charges for each credit used, TubeBuddy’s Pro plan starts at just $5.99/month (billed monthly) or $4.80/month (billed annually) and provides unlimited keyword research. Google ... Use them correctly, and YouTube will reward you. Get a curated list of tags that are both trending and directly tied to your niche. Add them and see your videos reach the top of the search engine results faster than you ever thought possible. Because the Keyword Explorer is not just about finding keywords; it's about helping your videos get found. For a limited time, we’re slicing 50% off any annual license, making your channel growth easier and more affordable than ever. Active TubeBuddy users see a massive 79% more views and boast 32% more subscribers. That’s right! And those who commit to a year with us don’t just reach their goals; they soar past them. 50% off annual licenses! TubeBuddy Doesn’t Show My Channel at Login. While registering or adding a channel to your account with TubeBuddy sometimes the channel you're trying to access does not show up on the Google Account selection screen. If this occurs, it's likely because you're currently logged into a Google account that doesn't have permission to provide access ... Pro and Legend Creator License Packages are not available to Businesses, and is subject to TubeBuddy’s discretion, determined as having one or more of the following criteria: Multiple YouTube channels on TubeBuddy; 50k or more YouTube Subscribers; 3 or more Channel Managers; 50 or more employees. Try Tubebuddy Pro FREE for 7 Days! Explore ... .